“一带一路”沿线国家设施联通对贸易利益的影响

以全球价值链（GVC）参与为视角，基于2005—2015年40个“一带一路”沿线国家与我国的增加值贸易数据，采用静态面板固定效应模型实证分析交通基础设施和通信基础设施对“一带一路”沿线国家贸易利益的影响。结果发现，加强交通和通信基础设施建设有利于提高一国出口中所包含的国内增加值，增进该国的贸易利益。作用机制研究表明，交通基础设施和通信基础设施都能够通过降低贸易成本促进贸易利益的提升，其中通信基础设施还能够通过提高贸易的时间效率对贸易利益产生积极影响。因此，“一带一路”沿线国家应以设施联通为依托，加强本国的交通和通信基础设施建设，把握参与国际生产分工的主动权，以实现共同发展繁荣。     

工会推进产业工人队伍建设的探索研究

产业工人是工人阶级的主体,在国民经济发展建设中发挥支撑作用。工会作为代表广大工人阶级利益的群众组织,在推进产业工人队伍建设改革中肩负着不可推卸的责任和重担。在目前新形势和时代变革下,我国产业工人队伍建设的现状还不能很好地适应经济转型中出现的新情况和新问题。对工会推进产业工人队伍建设的情况进行研究,在借鉴制造业强国经验的基础上,从思想政治引领、搭建发展平台、打造能力提升工程、利用“互联网+”和完善保障体系五个方面进行探索建设,从而为工会组织持续打造高素质产业工人队伍工作提供政策借鉴。     

The Transnational Tilt of the Treadmill and the Role of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative International Study, 1965–2010

There are various schools of thought regarding the relationship between the environment and economy. Ecological modernization argues that the harmful effects of economic growth and development on the environment decline through time, whereas the treadmill of production and ecologically unequal exchange postulate different perspectives. This study relies on World Bank and World Resources Institute data for the period of 1965–2010. Time‐series cross‐sectional Prais‐Winsten (PW) regression models with panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed to examine whether economic growth and trade openness intensified or decoupled in relation to three measures of carbon dioxide (CO₂₎ emissions during this period. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a “tilt” in the treadmill of production—that is, the most environmentally degrading production processes have moved to less developed countries. Furthermore, integration into the world economy has been associated with an intensification in CO₂ emissions for less developed countries. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon does not seem to be driven by exports sent to high‐income nations, suggesting that there are mechanisms embodied within the global organization of production that require further exploration.     

China’s flexible overseas food strategy: food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asia and China in 1990–2015

Using the UN Comtrade database and multiple sources of agricultural investment data, this paper outlines the emerging patterns of food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asian countries and China. The paper shows that China has adopted a flexible overseas food strategy. First, China has increased food export and shifted its food trade with Southeast Asia from a dependent relationship towards a complementary relationship at the regional level in recent years. Second, China tends to adapt to the existing conditions of food production and trade in Southeast Asian countries instead of fundamentally altering them. Finally, Chinese overseas agricultural investment is less driven by domestic food demand but more oriented for profit making, and this gives it flexibility in diversifying investment. An adequate understanding of China’s flexible food strategy in bilateral and multilateral relationships holds implications for global food security.     

超级网络平台限制交易行为的反垄断规制

从“3Q大战”“3百大战”到天猫京东“二选一”事件，超级网络平台实施限制交易行为的现象越演越烈，也成为当前互联网领域的反垄断难题。我国反垄断法律法规在对网络空间的相关市场及市场支配地位的认定上存在适用困境，超级网络平台滥用市场支配地位的行为无法被认定且无法有效规制的现象长期存在。为规范超级网络平台的经营行为，应当调整《反垄断法》关于相关市场与市场支配地位的认定规则，将反垄断案件纳入公益诉讼范围，采取国家诉讼和私人诉讼并行的双重诉讼机制，减轻原告举证责任负担，同时将《反垄断法》与《电子商务法》衔接适用。     

Remaking the labour movement in Italy: the revival of strikes at Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles in 2015–17

ABSTRACT

After the Fiat-Chrysler merger in 2009, CEO Sergio Marchionne imposed a drastic reorganization of labour relations in Italy’s plants, precipitating a profound crisis of the system of industrial relations in the country. But between 2015 and 2017 a significant section of workers at Melfi, Atessa and Termoli plants went on strike against compulsory overtime and labour intensification, establishing links with grassroots unions that successfully organized in logistics. The metalworkers’ union FIOM-CGIL, however, delegitimized the union representatives who resisted Marchionne’s plans. In this article, we trace the context and development of these still little-known strikes. Because of their growing institutionalization, we argue, the confederal unions (CGIL, CISL, UIL) have both failed to mobilize workers and repressed workers’ attempts to resist the deterioration of their conditions. The strikes at FCA and in logistics, however, show that new forms of radical unionism are emerging, pointing to new possibilities for working-class organizing.     

国际私法上意思自治与国际贸易惯例

根据国际私法的传统理论,当事人选择的准据法只能是国内法.但随着国际经济贸易交往的日益发展,国际贸易惯例的作用越来越大.作为非国内法的国际贸易惯例能否成为当事人选择的准据法,便成为国际私法学界争论的焦点.文章在解析国际贸易惯例的基础上,对当事人是否可以选择国际贸易惯例作为准据法,从国际私法理论的发展及国际贸易惯例的完善两方面进行了论证,并以各国的实践为佐证,分析了国际贸易惯例可以作为当事人选择的准据法的可行性.     

人口老龄化对服务贸易出口结构优化的影响——基于跨国面板数据的实证分析

利用2005—2016年间世界87个国家的数据构建跨国面板数据模型进行实证分析,静态面板数据模型分析的研究发现人口老龄化与服务贸易相对结构指数显著负相关,人口老龄化会倒逼服务贸易出口结构优化。利用系统GMM两步法构建动态面板数据模型进行稳健性检验,并通过对模型异质性考察,发现回归结果基本一致。最后,据此提出相应的政策建议以推动这一倒逼机制更好地发挥效力,实现我国服务贸易出口结构不断优化。     

经济学人对中欧班列发展及影响的判断*

2019年5月《中国经济学人》杂志围绕中欧班列对“一带一路”倡议建设、中—欧亚国际贸易发展、跨境电商发展以及我国产业升级四个方面的影响对经济学人展开了问卷调查。结果显示,多数经济学人认为：首先,中欧班列与“一带一路”倡议能够形成良好互促关系,但沿线国家间安全信任度低是制约这种关系发展的最主要因素;其次,中欧班列对我国（尤其是大西北地区）国际贸易总量有净增长效应,利于改善中欧贸易失衡,但这也面临通关效率低下及由欧洲对华高技术产品出口管制所导致的回程率低等问题的困扰;再次,运输成本低廉的中欧班列为跨境电商发展提供了有利条件,但其运输时间较长影响了其促进作用的发挥;最后,中欧班列虽然能够通过优化产业布局促进我国（尤其是西部地区）产业升级,但也存在对高技术产业带动作用小及由班列恶性竞争对产业技术创新资源挤出等问题。     

中美经贸关系现状及经济发展差距的基本判断

2017年以来,中美两国之间发生了激烈的经贸摩擦,对两国宏观经济和社会福利产生一定的负面影响。中国社会科学院工业经济研究所与《中国经济学人》(China Economist)杂志从中美经贸关系现状、中美经贸摩擦影响、中美两国经济发展差距、美国总统大选等角度分析中国经济学人对中美经贸关系及经济发展差距的认知和判断。调查发现,经济学人认为虽然中美经贸摩擦短时间内难以消除,但中美两国的经济互补性仍很强,贸易增长空间较大,未来发展方向一定是合作与竞争并有。经济学人预判,今后20年中美两国的经济增速分别为4.8%和2.1%,中国将于2034年追平美国经济总量,将于2043年追平美国制造业总体技术水平,将于2072年追平美国人均GDP,实现赶超。